To date, many States worldwide have in force national laws governing the circulation over their respective roads of vehicles from other countries carrying passengers or freight for commercial reasons. These laws are mainly aimed to protect their national transport industry by restricting the entry in their territory of road hauliers from neighbouring countries. In practice, this is done via the implementation of a permit regime where foreign road-transport hauliers are required to obtain a special circulation permit from the authorities of the country where they want to move with their cargo or passengers. The permit must be held in the vehicle and be showed to the enforcement agencies in the country of circulation on their request. In most cases the permit allows them to follow fixed itineraries or to use only particular transport routes, so reducing the traditional flexibility which is typical of road transport.